Brain drain in India

"Brain drain is not just about the departure of individuals; it's the loss of intellectual capital that could have fueled the progress and innovation of a nation."

We have all dreamed of studying hard and moving abroad one day, to be settled and rich. But why do we all aspire to move abroad? Be it the United States, the United Kingdom or any other developed nation. Why are we all so hell bent on working, living and settling down in these countries?

Sundar Pichai, Rishi Sunak, Gita Gopinath, Satya Nadella, among many others are all Indian-born or of Indian origin. They have all made names for themselves leading companies, innovating and sharing their knowledge in foreign countries. Many of us celebrated their achievements, even feeling a sense of pride, but how does this success help India? Are they contributing to the betterment of their home country with the help of their new found success? Or do they represent lost Indian talent?

In this blog, I'll be answering all these questions, together we'll find out the causes for brain drain in India by looking at statistics and data.

What is brain drain?

Brain drain refers to the emigration of highly skilled and educated individuals from one country to another, usually for better opportunities, higher salaries, improved working conditions, or enhanced quality of life. This phenomenon occurs when individuals, often with advanced degrees or specialized skills, leave their home country to seek employment or pursue further studies abroad.

Brain drain in India

India has experienced significant brain drain over the years, with a considerable number of highly skilled and educated individuals leaving the country in search of better opportunities abroad. 

The above statistics show the number of students studying abroad after bachelors or after graduating 12th grade. We can clearly see how there has been a spike in the number of students moving abroad for further studies in the years 2019 to 2021, especially in Canada and the UK. 

This data mainly consists of students in STEM [ Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics] courses. 

But our main cause of concern is the next set of statistics...

As you can see, India is the top one country which is suffering from doctor brain drain. This is especially dangerous because according to a NCBI report,close to 90% of all migrating physicians, were moving to just five countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, UK and USA. In 1972 about 6% of the world's physicians(140,000) were located outside their countries of origin. 

The same report states that for every 1,325 Americans, there is 1 Indian doctor. Whereas on the other hand, for every 2,400 Indians, there is 1 Indian doctor.

We are rapidly losing our educated, live saving doctors to developed and rich countries.

Causes for brain drain in India

Several factors contribute to brain drain in India:

1. Economic Opportunities: The lure of higher salaries and better job prospects in developed countries is a major driving force behind brain drain. Many Indian professionals, including engineers, scientists, and IT professionals, seek opportunities in countries with stronger economies.

2. Educational Opportunities: Indian students often pursue higher education abroad, attracted by the reputation of foreign universities, access to advanced research facilities, and exposure to diverse perspectives.

3. Research Opportunities: The lack of adequate research infrastructure, funding, and support in certain fields may prompt scientists and researchers to move to countries with better resources and opportunities for their work.

4. Quality of Life: Issues such as pollution, inadequate healthcare, and infrastructural challenges in some parts of India can motivate individuals to seek a better quality of life abroad.

5. Globalization and Technology: The ease of communication, globalization, and advancements in technology have made it easier for professionals to connect with international opportunities and consider relocating.

6. Political and Social Factors: Political instability, social unrest, and concerns about safety can contribute to brain drain as individuals seek more stable and secure environments.

Impact on India

The impact of brain drain on India includes:

1. Skill Shortages: Losing a significant number of skilled professionals can create shortages in critical sectors, hindering economic development.

2. Economic Loss: India invests in the education and training of its workforce, and the departure of skilled individuals represents a loss of human capital and the financial investment made in their education

. 3. Innovation and Research: Brain drain can lead to a loss of talent in research and innovation, impacting the country's ability to compete globally in these areas.

What can we do?

To address brain drain, India has implemented various measures, such as improving infrastructure, increasing investment in research and development, and creating policies to encourage the return of skilled professionals. Additionally, efforts are made to foster entrepreneurship and create a more conducive environment for innovation and economic growth. However, the challenge remains complex, and ongoing efforts are needed to retain and attract talent within the country.

References :

• https://youtu.be/xkkcmXIPxGw?si=bczFF-tG1Gvz9ZwX
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275994/#:~:text=According%20to%20this%20report%2C%20close,%2C%20Germany%2C%20UK%20and%20USA.&text=In%201972%2C%20about%206%25%20of,outside%20their%20countries%20of%20origin.
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